● ‘Agriculture Climatology’ is also termed as ‘Agricultural Meteorology’/‘Climatology’/ ‘Observatory Science’.
● Meteorology—Study of active physical events and analytic study of equipments of atmosphere, including forecasts of weather, is called Meteorology.
● Macro-meteorology—A successive and entire study of lowest layer of atmosphere in meteorology, is called macro-meteorology.
● Hyetology—A scientific study of various events like-rains, hails, fog, mist etc.
● The study of climate is called as ‘Climatology’. [i.e., Klima = Climate + logos = study / discourse/Knowledge] – a Latin word used Ist in 17th Century; Klima can also be expressed; as – slope of the earth for present day latitude.
● The cover of air in sky, that is covered around to earth, is called atmosphere. This is divided into 4 parts viz. The lower (bottom) portion of atmosphere is said to be the ‘Troposphere’; of which the upper layer is spoken as ‘tropopause’. Above the ‘Troposphere’; there exists ‘Stratosphere’; in middle ‘Mesophere’ and upper most layer is called as ‘Thermosphere’.
● In atmosphere (on volume basis), there exists Nitrogen–78%, Oxygen–20·9%, Carbon-dioxide–0·03%, Argone–0·934%, Niyan 0·00182%, Helium 0·00052% and other gases 0·000662%.
● At the height of 3500 m and above, the decreased atmospheric pressure causes nausea and agricultural activities cannot be carried out despite the domestification of numerous plants.
● The average state of weather of a particular place is called ‘Climate’, which is long stable for a specified area, e.g., cold/warm climate.
● Shortly changed state of atmosphere is called as ‘Weather’, e.g., rains, temperature, humidity, sunshine etc.
● The ‘Science of Earthquake’ is called as ‘Seismology’; wherein ‘Seismograph’—a measuring instrument, is used to measure earthquakes.
● Metrology—A Greek word refers to the science or system of weights and measures and that is quite different from the word ‘Meteorology’.
● The account (period) of meteorological related events of many days is spoken as ‘season’. Generally, there are 3 seasons— Rainy (Kharif), Winter (Rabi) and Summer; but according to Hindi months, these are 6 in numbers e.g., Spring—Mid Feb.—April (Chetra-Baishakh); Summer—May-June (Jetth–Ashad); Rainy—July-August (Shravan -Bhadon), Winter / Autumn—Sept.–Oct. (Ashwin–Kartik); Hemant (Mid Winter)— Nov.–Dec. (Agahan–Pous); Shishir season (Cold Winter)—Jan.–Feb. (Mah–Phalgun).
● The vapours presented in atmosphere, after cold and condensation, become changed into drops, is called ‘Dew’.
● ‘Dew Point’ is the temperature, on which, the amount of present water-vapours in any volume of air, are enough to saturate of similar volume-air.
● Fog is formed, when air masses of high moisture content close to the surface are cooled.
● The vapours in condensation process condensed so much, that will not visible across; is called ‘Fog’, wherein the relative humidity (RH) exceeds to 90%.
● When relative humidity in atmosphere is below 70% and dust particles are dried, called ‘Haze’.
● When relative humidy exceeds to 70% and the temperature of atmosphere just a few
height above the ground during nights of winter (cold) comes down below dew point; and then water vapours become condensed above the present dust particles in air, that causes to invisible atmosphere, called ‘Mist’.
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