• C, H and O are the elements that provide basic structure to the plant.
• N, S and P are useful in energy storage, transfer and bonding.
• N, S and P are accessory structural elements which are more active and vital for living tissues.
• K, Ca and Mg are necessary for charge balance. They act as regulators and carriers.
• Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo and Cl are involved in enzyme activation and electron transport. They act as catalysts and activators.
• Basic nutrients C, H and O are constituents of carbohydrates and several biochemical compounds.
• Nitrogen is a constituent of proteins, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, alkaloids, chlorophyll etc.
• Phosphorus is a constituent of sugar phosphates, nucleotides, nucleic acids, coenzymes and phospholipids.
• Process of anabolism and catabolism of carbohydrates proceed when organic compounds are esterized with phosphoric acid.
• Potassium is not a constituent of any organic compound.
• Potassium is required as a cofactor for 40 or more enzymes.
• Potassium controls movement of stomata and maintains electroneutrality of plant cells.
• Sulphur is a constituent of several amino acids and fatty acids.
• Calcium is a constituent of cell wall as calcium pectate.
• Calcium is required as a cofactor in hydrolysis of ATP and phospholipids.
• Magnesium is a constituent of chlorophyll.
• Magnesium is required in several enzymes involved in phosphate transfer.
• Iron is a constituent of various enzymes like cytochrome, catalase and plays the part of a vital catalyst in the plant.
• Iron is a key element in various redox reactions of respiration, photosynthesis and reduction of nitrates and sulphates.
• Manganese is a constituent of several cation activated enzymes like decarboxylases, kinases, oxidases etc.
• Manganese is essential for the formation of chlorophyll, reduction of nitrates and for respiration.
• Copper and Zinc are involved in cation activated enzymes.
• Boron helps in carbohydrate transport.
• Boron is necessary for the germination of pollen, formation of flowers and fruits and for the absorption of cations.
• Molybdenum is required for the assimilation of nitrates as well as for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.
• Chlorine is involved in reaction relating to oxygen evolution.
• Co, Se are the elements that need to be applied to forage crops from the viewpoint of animal nutrition.
• Cobalt is essential for the synthesis of vitamin B12.
• Botanical name of wheat is: Triticum aestivum
• Origin place of wheat is: South West Asia (Turkey)
• Wheat is called as ‘king of cereals! World staple food grain is: Wheat
• Wheat ranks first in the world among the cereals both in respect of area and production In India wheat crop stand second after rice among the cereals both in respect of area and production
• The state having highest area and production of wheat in India: Uttar Pradesh.
• Maximum productivity of wheat is in: Punjab (4.2 tha) Protein content of wheat is about 13%.
• The wheat protein which is essential for good bread quality and chapati making is: Gluten
• Wheat protein are deficient in essential amino acid: Lysine
• Macaroni wheat is: Triticum durum
• Flowering portion of wheat is called: Spike
• The spike is held inside by: Flag Leaf
• Fruit type of wheat is: Caryopsis
• Test weight of wheat seeds: 40 gm
• Bio-fertilizer suitable for wheat seed is: Azotobacter
• Seed rate required for wheat sowing under normal conditions: 100 kg/ha
• Optimum spacing recommended for wheat sowing (row to row): 22.5cm
• Optimum depth of wheat sowing is: 5 cm
• The optimum temperature range for ideal germination of wheat seed is: 20 to 25°C
• Primary roots in wheat that support and nourish the plants at initial stage is called: Seminal roots
• Most suitable cropping system for wheat in mixed cropping are: Wheat + Mustard, Wheat + Chickpea
• Recommended ratio for wheat+mustard intercropping is: 9:1
• Mustard is very common crop usually intercropped with wheat.
• Most critical stage of water requirement in wheat is: CRI (21 DAS)
• Crop which has highest total area under irrigation is: Wheat
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