Floriculture / Fruit Science / General Agriculture / IBPS AFO / NABARD NOTES

Horticultural Zones Of India

Horticultural Zones Of India

Horticultural Zones Of India

can be made and development is planned. They are;

1. Temperate: Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, North Uttaranchal, Sikkim and part of Arunachal Pradesh.

2. N.W. Subtropical: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Central Uttar Pradesh and North M.P.

3. N.E. Subtropical: Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur.

4. Central tropical: South Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa and West Bengal.

5. Southern tropical: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

6. Coastal tropical humid: Konkan, Goa, Kerala, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa.

To exploit the potential of a crop and its sustenance, right choice based on climate and soil is necessary otherwise the management of the crop becomes difficult and the cost of cultivation increases. To be precise, most adaptable crop should be chosen for sustenance.

FRUIT ZONES ARE:

1. Tropical fruit zone:

  • This class includes fruit crops which are ever green unable to endure cool temperature but can tolerate warm temperature of about 1000F.
  • The fruit plants of this zone need strong sunshine warm and humid climate and a very mild winter.
  • They cannot stand against frost. Areas under this zone include West Bengal, Parts of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan Orissa, Maharastra, AP, Karnataka, TN and Kerala.
  • Fruits crops: Banana, Pineapple, Sapota, Papaya, Cashew, Pomegranate.

2. Sub- tropical fruit Zone:

  • This class includes fruit crops intermediate characters to tropical and temperatures.
  • The summer is hot and dry and winter is less mild.
  • They may be either deciduous or ever green & are usually able to withstand a low temperature but not the frost.
  • Some require chilling for flower bud differentiation the fruits grow mostly in plains,
  • The fruits include Citrus, Grapes, Phalsa, fig, guava, pomegranate, Banana etc.
  • This fruit zone covers the plains of Punjab, UP, Parts of Bihar, MP, WB, Maharastra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, AP, TN, Kerala, Orissa. etc.

3. Temperate fruit zone:

  • This class of fruits grows successfully in cold regions where temperature falls below freezing point during winter.
  • During the cold season, the trees shed their leaves and go into rest period.
  • For breaking the rest/dormant period, a definite chilling period is required. This chilling temperature helps the plants to put forth new growth, flowering and fruiting with the onset of spring season.
  • The regions under this zone are J&K, Kuluvally, HP, Parts,
  • Peaches, Plum, Cherries, Almond, Walnut, Strawberry, Apricot, persimmon, Pecan nut, Kiwi fruit etc.

4. Arid Zone:

  • The arid zone has an extreme climatic condition, high temperature low humidity, rainfall is very low and its distribution is erratic, poor textured soil.
  • The area of Rajasthan (62%) and Gujarat (20%) parts of the Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka & Maharashtra
  • The crops are Phalsa, Date palm, Pomegranate, Ber, Custard apple, Tamarind etc.

5. Semi- arid zone:

  • This region exhibits low and erratic rainfall, low humidity and high temperature
  • Fruits of arid region can be cultivated in this zone also Mango, Sapota, Guava, Jack, Avocado, Ber, Pomegranate and Tamarind etc.

6. North- Eastern sub-Tropical zone:

  • All tropical and sub-tropical fruits are grown in this region.

7. North- Western region:

  • It is again classified into 4 regions; temperate- low winter temperature, dry temperature- highly cold condition, Sub- Temperate- winter temperature & lesser cold, Low hill valley- low winter temperature & lesser cold.
  • Parts of J&K, HP, hills of UP, South of Punjab and Haryana.

8. Central tropical fruit zone:

  • This region covers Southern parts of MP, Maharastra Orissa, parts AP, WB, Gujarat etc.

9. South tropical fruit zone:

  • Karnataka, TN, Kerala & AP

10. Coastal tropical fruit zone:

  • Kerala, Goa, Diu-Daman, Tripura, Coastal parts of Maharastra, AP, WB, TN, Orissa, Karnataka.

11. Humid zone fruit crops:

  • This region is characterized by low temperature and high humidity.
  • The crops are Litchi, Strawberry, Avocado, Mangosteen, Passion fruit etc.
  • Apart from these fruit zones, India has been classified in to 21 agro ecological regions based on the physiography of soils, bioclimatic types and growing periods.

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