- Father of Plant pathology- Anton De Bary
- Father of Indian Plant Pathology- E. J. Butler
- An Indian whose name is associated with wheat rust- K. C. Mehta
- Irish Famine(1845)- Due to late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans)
- Bengal Famine(1943)- Due to brown spot of rice (Helminthosporium oryzae)
- Father of plant virology- Beijerinck
- Father of plant Bacteriology- E. f. smith
- Most imp disease of rice- Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) controlled by Hinosan, Kitazin, Blasticidin, Beam.
- Kresek phase- Bacterial leaf blight of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae)
- Bakanae disease of rice (Foot rot)- Gibberella fujikuroi (Also known as Foolish
seedling disease-symptom: plant become very tall) - Sheath rot of rice- Sclerotium oryzae
- Rice Tungro- A virus transmitted by Nephottetix virescens
- Ufra disease of rice- By nematode (Ditylenchus angustus)
- Most pathogenic bacteria are gram negative and rod shaped Gram positive plant pathogenic bacteria: Corynebacterium/ Clavibacter (tundu disease of wheat)
- Tundu disease caused by- Bacteria and nematode (Anguina tritici) association, a complex disease
- Plant viruses are mostly single stranded RNA
- Virus contain only one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, never both
- Virus contain nucleic acid 5 % and protein (nucleoprotein)– 95 % (TMV)
- Tobacco mosaic virus is single stranded RNA- Rod shaped transmitted by sap or mechanically.
- Single stranded DNA plant virus- Gemini virus
- Double stranded RNA virus- Reovirus
- Double stranded DNA virus- Caulimovirus
- Total stem parasite- Cascuta (Dodder)
- Partial stem parasite- Loranthus
- Total root parasite- Orobanche
- Partial root parasite- Striga
- Bacterial cell wall is made up of – Murein/peptidiglycan
- Karnal bunt of wheat discovered by- Mitra et al., in 1931
- A disease affecting wheat export from India- Karnal Bunt (Neovossia indica /
Tilletia indica) - Wheat: a. Stem Rust (Black) – Puccinia graminis tritici– Alternate host: Berberi
(Berberis vulgaris) b. Leaf rust (Brown) – P. recondita, Alternate host: Thalictrum sp. c) Stripe rust (Yellow)- P. striiformis - Rust disease is controlled by Plantvax– a systemic fungicide
- Smut disease is controlled by- Vitavax (a systemic fungicide)
- Wheat rust in India survive in the southern hill (Nilgiri) and in Northern hill (Himalaya) in the form of Uredospore
- Loose smut of wheat- Ustilago nuda tritici (Internally seed borne, controlled by Vitavax, solar Heat Treatment)
- Molya disease of wheat- Nematode- Heterodora avanae
- Black arm of cotton- Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum
- Red rot of sugarcane- Collectrichum fulcatum
- Grassy shoot- Phytoplasma
- Sporadic- Occurs irregularly in a place at low level
- Endemic– Occurs every year in a confined area at some level
- Pandemic– Occurs over a few countries or few continents
- Epidemic– Occurs over a large geographic area in short time at a devastative level
- Viroid– a plant pathogen made up of only RNA (single stranded). No protein is there
- Prions– Infectious protein molecule
- Potato- 1. Spindle tuber disease (1st discovered Viroid disease)
- Other Viroid disease- Coconut cadang cadang, Citrus exocartis
- Disease caused by Phytoplasma(MLO)– a. sandal spike b. sugarcane grassy shoot c.
Brinjal little leaf d. Sesamum Phyllody e. coconut root wilt - Disease caused by Spiro plasma (Phyllody)- Citrus stubborn
- Viral disease- Bunchy top of banana- Pentalonia nigronervosa
- Crown gall of stone fruit- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- Fire blight- First bacterial disease discovered- Erwinia amylovora
- Ergot of Bajra- Claviceps microcephala (purpurea)
- Green ear disease of Bajra- Sclerospora graminicola
- Wart of potato and Golden nematode- Endemic pest, domestic quarantine
- Bunt- Tilletia foetida. T. caries
- Fungicide- Bordeaux mixture discovered by Millerdat
- Systemic fungicide- Van Schmelling & Marshal Kulka
- Pomegranate blight- Xanthomonas campestris pv. punica. Recently epidemic in Maharashtra
- Panama wilt of banana- fungal disease
- Soft rot of potato- Erwinia carotovora
- Kalisena– Bio formulation of Aspergillus niger N27 to control soil borne disease, developed in IARI
- Gene deployment for control of Rust- by Nagarajan
- Seed gall wheat- Nematode, Molya disease, Anguina tritici
- Destructive insect pest act- 1914
- Cyanobacteria-BGA-prokaryotic
- Powdery mildew- controlled by sulphur fungicide
- Apple scab caused by- Venturia inequalis (perfect) Spilocaea pomi (fungi)
- Scab of potato caused by- Steptomyces scabies (Actinomycetes)
- Electron Microscope discovered by – Knoll and Ruska (1932)
- Crystallization of Virus – Stanley (1935)
- First book on plant pathology written by – Julius Kuhn (1858)
- Wart disease of Potato is endemic to Darjeeling only
- Plasmid – extra chromosomal fragments found in bacterial cells
- Gene to gene Hypothesis proposed by – Flor (1955) in linseed rust
